| firewall | routers and servers that are network gatekeepers that analyse traffic entering and exiting a network |
| segmentation | all messages are broken into smaller pieces that can be easily transported together across a medium |
| multiplexing | occurs when the segments of two or more messages can shuffle into each other and share the medium |
| host | a computer or other device on a TCP/IP network |
| Internet | the global collection of networks that are connected together and share a common range of IP addresses |
| TCP/IP | used broadly, the set of protocols, standards, and utilities commonly used on the Internet and large networks |
| IP | the network protocol used for sending network packets over a TCP/IP network or the Internet |
| IP address | a unique 32-bit address for a host on a TCP/IP network or internetwork |
| subnet mask | a 32-bit number used to distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address |
| network address | an IP address with a host portion that is all zeros |
| subnet/subnetwork | a smaller network created by dividing a larger network into equal parts |
| octet | an 8-bit number, 4 of which comprise a 32-bit IP address. They have a range of 00000000-11111111 that correspond to the decimal values 0-255 |
| packet | a unit of data passed over a TCP/IP network or wide area network |
| network address | an IP address with a host portion that is all zeros |
| RFC | Request for Comment - a document used to define standards on the Internet |
| router | a device that passes network traffic between different IP networks |
| WAN | wide area network - a large network that is a collection of smaller networks separated by routers. The Internet is an example of a large WAN |
| data | information that can be captured, quantified, and analysed |